Freud And The Unconscious Essay -- essays research papers

Freud was especially keen on the psychoanalytic way of thinking and the originator of analysis. He accepted that our oblivious personalities are liable for huge numbers of our practices. As per Freud, he believed that there was a noteworthy connection between errors and what we are really thinking. Today these are called Freudian slips. Thus he accepted that we get data, similar to our feelings of trepidation and wishes, out by just simply saying what rings a bell. He had the option to enlighten a great deal regarding individuals, including their past encounters, how they were feeling, and what they wished and dreaded, just by essentially reassuring them to talk whatever rung a bell.      In plunking down and copying myself talking about whatever rung a bell, a great deal of oblivious contemplations about myself were uncovered. I saw myself talking about things that I regularly wouldn’t have. For example, I talked about God, passing, and negative things about my companions. I likewise said a ton of stuff that truly had neither rhyme nor reason. An accurate bit of what I recorded myself saying was, â€Å"I don’t care. That’s simply the manner in which I am. I don’t care at all. It’s like†¦ I don’t know. Pass on. Perhaps God will. Yeah†¦ perhaps. Ha. Butterflies. Remain on dividers, do that move. Yeah†¦ Buddy’s cool. Stop. No. Eva. Duh. She’s†¦ so screwing inept. Ugh. Drink. Better believe it right. What difference does it make? It’s little.†  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  â &...

Project Management Plan Stakeholders and Communication

Question: Talk about theProject Management Planfor Stakeholders and Communication. Answer: The Start of the Project Plan The Sunshine Coast Council keeps up and possesses wealth of structures over the district of the Sunshine Coast. These structures are contained with the frameworks of fire assurances that are kept up in consenting to the guidelines of Queensland Governments security viewpoints. There has been greeting by delicate for the appropriately experienced and qualified organizations for their arrangement to look after, consent, and test the frameworks of fire anticipation benefits that includes its area inside the offices of the Councils structures. The agreement is comprising of distinguishable segments as follows: Segment A (divisible): Fixed Fire Services Part B (distinguishable): Portable Equipment Starting Period Subject to the expansion of the period further, the initiation of this understanding is on the Commencement Date, except if the end is done before and as indicated by the Agreement expressions with it finishing on the Expiry Date. Further Period Extension The Agreement expressions can be stretched out by the Council from the Expiry Date to the Further Period, where the composed notification is given to the contractual worker in a period that is not exactly a month prior to the Expiry Date. Arrangements Exclusivity Contractual workers Appointment The contractual workers arrangement by the Council in providing Services is non-selective under this Agreement. No portrayal is made by the Council or arrangement of any guarantee, which will be select request or source the Service originating from the temporary worker. There is opportunity for the Council in selecting any outsider for providing Service to the Council without the temporary workers assent (Barbara 2010). Gracefully of Services The contractual worker must flexibly the followings The material of the agreement The administration The materials and the reports required by the utilization of the administration or the flexibly (Viera 2008). Going of Risk and Title Hazard The Contract Material Risk is passed to the Council from the Contractor on the purpose of Contract Material conveyance. Title The Contract Material Title is passed to the Council on the Service Rates installment or Contract Material conveyance for the Service comparable to the Contract Materials, whichever happens prior. Installments The contractual worker must be paid by the Council for execution as per the Service Rates at the hour of the presentation of the administration subject to specific conditions: The consistence of the contractual worker concerning the Agreements expressions (Kerzner 2009) The expense receipt rendered accurately ought to be put together by the contractual worker for the administrations performed as of now by the Contractor as per the provision 26. Correspondence Management Plan The understanding according to the confirmation, request, a notification, process or other related correspondence must be recorded as a hard copy and in English. Arrangement of correspondence The correspondence must conform to the conditions and has been given in the Agreement: Conveyed actually Left at the present location of the gathering for takes note For sees, it must arrive at the present location of the gathering by prepaid standard mail or by prepaid airmail in the event that it is an outside Australia address For sees, sent to the named fax number of the gathering by fax Sent to the named email address of the gathering by email Transmitted, sent or conveyed in any way other than these that the Council has endorsed every once in a while (Baguley 2010) Points of interest of Notice Delivery The conveyance sees points of interest are the referenced specifics in the calendar 1, things 6. The points of interest for the notification conveyance can be changed by a gathering with the arrangement of notice to another gathering (Heldman 2011). Interchanges with Post Regardless of whether the correspondence is finished by post to a location inside Australia, it is given three Business Days following the post. Correspondence with Fax It is considered as a correspondence when a fax is sent from the fax machine of the sender creating a report that the full fax has been sent to the recipient. It is a convincing report that gives proof that the fax was gotten in full by the recipient at the very time that report demonstrates. Correspondence through E-mail It is considered as a correspondence, when the email is sent and addressees email that is proficient to recover the email sent to it. Different Communications Different structures correspondence might be verbal correspondence, which will be considered as correspondence on the off chance that it is affirmed by the Council. There might be details given by the Council at the hour of correspondence produced in a way that will be given for the Agreements reason. Interchanges in After Hours Aside from the Councils solicitation to the temporary worker for the arrangement of Service, if the given correspondence is made: Post 5.00 pm at where it is gotten; or On Sunday, Saturday or open occasion at where it is gotten Correspondences Direction Committee has the intensity of coordinating the Contractor in giving interchanges or specific correspondence types, in a specific structure and additionally way (Kellerman 2012). A business and its ensuing development might be affected with a few inside and outer components that have an enduring effect. It may push the business to develop further where as in different cases, it might basically restrain the extension of the business. For any business in any space to have the option to develop past the cutoff points, it is fundamental to utilize labor that is fit to the job that has been characterized. Propelled workforce can rival the outer powers as well as add development and imagination to the organization causing it to appear to be superior to the others. There must be a propelled workforce that is happy to gain from the encounters and develop alongside the organization. A strategy might be characterized as the correct way that can be applied by the organization in accomplishing the objectives that have been characterized. Also, undoubtedly, an organization may decide to apply both of the methodologies as recorded. One is the Peoples Strategy and the second one HR Functional system. Likewise another technique called the general people groups method can be utilized to fulfill the different viewpoints as comparative with the labor. This aides in connecting the hierarchical objectives with the objectives of the representatives prompting in general fulfillment of the workers too. Partners Management The principle partner for the situation is the contractual worker. Accordingly, essentially, the administration of the temporary worker will be talked about. Number ought to be adequate There ought to be commitment and arrangement of the temporary worker as for the Personnels adequate number in effectively and immediately playing out the commitment of the contractual worker under this understanding. Experience, Training, and Skills The justifying and the portrayal is finished by the contractual worker where the commitment of the Personnel happens for the presentation of the commitment relating to the temporary worker under this understanding is with the ownership of the experience, preparing and abilities that is a prerequisite for the exhibition of the Service as per this Agreement (Stagner 2011). Direct The temporary worker must guarantee according to staff with respect to the presentation relating to the commitment of the contractual worker as follows: Behaving in an expert, common and affable way All laws appropriate are complied Not looking for any tip, prize or expense corresponding to the Service execution Safety measures are taken satisfactorily in maintaining a strategic distance from to cause any property harm No Drugs or Alcohol There must be protection from the contractual worker that its Personnel: Cease from expending mixed drinks Cease from inebriation Cease from being under the medications impact which can or is hindering their capacities while playing out the Service or some other arrangement of action required under this Agreement. Legitimate Proceedings The temporary worker must guarantee there is participation and different exercises required by the Council be performed by its Personnel identified with any initiated lawful procedures against Council by the Council against an outsider or an outsider (Campbell 2011). Mechanical Action In the event that any debate or mechanical activity includes the Contractors all or a portion of the Personnel bringing about any interference or end of Service for a period of more prominent than one day, the temporary worker must do the followings: the sensible undertakings are utilized by it in speedily settling the modern debate or activity and curing any Services nonperformance brought about by the question or mechanical activity; and On Councils demand, informing promptly the modern contest or activity to the reasonable court or commission looking for dire injunctive help in halting the mechanical debate or activity. Delegates Agreement Administrator Gathering must: Name an individual or people as its agent for this particular understanding and essentially tell the contractual worker about the particular changes recorded as a hard copy to the agreement manager that to inside one business day about the progressions being actualized. Contractual worker Representative: The contractual worker must: Name the delegate to be mindful with respect to the everyday presentation about the administration just as the oversight of the contractual workers faculty engaged with the administration execution. It is likewise critical to tell the chamber recorded as a hard copy about any huge changes to the personality of the temporary worker delegate inside one business day about the progressions being actualized. Authority: The gatherings included must consent to: Any productive guidance, heading, endorsement, notice or other correspondence that is given or made by the agent of the temporary worker to the committee which will be esteemed to have been given by the contractual worker. A particular correspondence or course give

Operations Strategy in any UAE Based Company or Organization - 3025 Words

Operations Strategy in any UAE Based Company or Organization (Essay Sample) Content: Table of ContentAbstractIntroductionProblem StatementImportance of studying this problem: * Overall Objectives * Specific ObjectivesResearch QuestionLiterature Review: * Growth of the Telecommunication Industry * United Arab Emirate TelecommunicationCompanies BackgroundReason as to why I chose Etisalat.ResultsConclusionReferenceOperations Strategy in any UAE based company or organizationNameInstitutionAbstract:In this essay, it may point out different aspects that may be affecting Etisalat in both negative and positive ways. It will describe the reason behind the success and the strong holds of Etisalat in the UAE market. The essay will also be explaining different methods in which Etisalat can be able to minimize the negativity by the use of promoting positive aspects of telecommunication in UAE. And also come up with ways that can be used to influence Etisalat positively in order to get more customers and economically grow in all areas.The primary goal of this disse rtation is coming up with methods that can be used to influence the growth of Etisalat in the future and to help it in growth for a telecommunication company. The other idea is to come up with the negative and positive impacts that are affecting Etisalat. This is not just for the sake of attracting more customers but also creating a positive working image to the community and the world telecommunication. The research on this essay will point out various business strategies used by Etisalat and the influence of monopoly it applies to beat its competitors. However, this study will also be helpful to all other telecommunication companies and any other company venturing in any related business since the impacts mention in the essay can apply in all of them. It will also point out how the customers can be of use to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s growth and the impact they create in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s image.Introduction:Elisalat Telecommunication Corporation which is a telecommunication com pany in the United Arab Emirates, and it was created in the year 1967. The company was basically shared between different partners and shareholders such as the British company, local investors and international Aeradio Limited. However, by the year 1983 the government of UAE had full ownership of Etisalat with 60% ownership and 40% ownership by the locals of UAE. The collaboration between the government and the civilians was a big boost for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s growth since the citizens had a say in what they wanted to company to be like and for that they actually considered the need of local citizens like them. In the year 1991, that was the government gave the rights to the company on providing wire and wireless services to the country and all neighboring countries. The government also issued Etisalat a license which was to allow any importation of telecommunication products and equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s by the company, and therefore bringing about the rapid growth of the company.P roblem StatementCompetition from various big multinational telecommunication companies can be a problem small local companies. However, even local companies can get an advantage over the multinational companies if they manage to come up with a strategy which will enable them captivate more customers in the region they are located. The primary agenda in this essay is to be able to come up with different methods which telecommunication companies can use to be able to reach out a wide area and have more customers on their list. Etisalat, has so far set its foot on the ground and it has been able to get the positive impact it so desired to the people and the credits it required.However, there are various aspects which affects Telecommunication Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s growth. The truth is many companies are created in the name of that they are supposed to be the best in the market but that is something which can be hard to accomplish. In every scenario there must be a loser and the winner. C ompetition is very healthy in a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s growth, this can either help a company positively or negatively. In this case if a company is in the same market with more recognized companies then the possibilities of it thriving will be very minimal and therefor affecting the company and in this case it might end up closing down due to the strong competition. The other problem which might come up and affect a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s growth in the competitive market is the fact that many telecommunication companies tent to set expensive services to their customers and for that customers never get the opportunity to give the company a try. Therefore, the company should put the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needs first before making any conclusions on what they want for themselves, since the company exist because of the support it gets from the people. There are many research papers which are being reviewed and there primary objective is educating people of the growth and emergence of UAE teleco mmunication sectors and how they influence people. However, many of the researches are based on the economic performance and growth of political environments, labor issues and foreign investmentsImportance of studying this problem: * Overall ObjectivesThe main importance behind this case study is to bring out the relationship between revenues acquired by the telecommunication industry and its significant aspects. And therefore supplementing some of the past studies that are used to make the needs of the economy complete and not only focus on academic needs. * Specific ObjectivesSome of the specific objectives of this research are as follows. First, the corporation has to be in a position to identify some of the most influencing aspects of competition in the UAE telecommunications and also on its surrounding. Second, the business should also be in a position to figure out how different factors influencing the business complement each other and how they contribute to the telecommunic ation industry revenue in all of its invested countries. Third, the corporation will also be able to come up with suggestions and views which can be used to make this factors better and see how they can make it better for future benefits of researchers and practitioners who are focused on the telecommunication industry in all the invested countries.Research QuestionIn what ways are competitive factors contributing towards the revenue in UAE telecommunication industry?Literature Review:The literature review used in this essay will be explained further in forming the thesis report. This article has been separated into different sections covering all important aspects of the research subject. * Growth of the Telecommunication IndustryWhen speaking about telecommunication it is simply the transmission of signals on a specified distance for the purpose of communication, but the technology used for this transmission has drastically changed over the years. The telecommunication industry ha s widely changed and has had the opportunity to cover a wider area than it used to a few decades ago. The improvements on telecommunication have influenced people in various ways such as socially, cultural and economically. (Plunkett Research Limited, 2010) On a research done in the year 2008, it was concluded that the revenues form telecommunication companies was a total of $4 trillion which is about 3 percent of the world gross product and they also concluded that the telecommunication industry was one of the fasted growing industries in the world regardless of any measurements researches got.The telecommunication sector in UAE is a bit new as compared to other western countries, however, the companies in UAE and to be specific Etisalat is growing and evolving in a rapid rate and getting the chance to be one of the best telecommunication in the world. Since the corporate has proved to be a high profit generator in the region, the telecommunication industry has been an agent of the government and owned by the state and a few of the countries citizens. The thing is the country is impressed by the management unlike in many other countries who try hard to take the telecommunication industry from the control of the government (Deutsche Bank, 2004). On the other hand, it has affected the form of privileges of the country owned telecommunication while on the other hand it has been able to bring up competition in the local market and therefor providing licenses to new entities for introducing competition to the existing monopoly operators. Om a research done it showed that in the year 2007 telecommunication brought a stop in broadcast in two primary Pakistan satellite news channels which are originated from the Dubai Media City which used to be marketed by telecom under the name "Freedom to Create.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  * United Arab Emirate TelecommunicationBeing the largest telecommunication company in the UAE, Etisalat an estimation of about 74 million users worldwide. The corporation as over 120 roaming partners in all parts of the world. Etisalat gives its users the opportunity to explore a wide range of communication services and internet services. This services are offered to individuals, companies, big cooperates, houses depending on the input capabilities offered and supported by Etisalat. The operation of this company is in the whole of Middle East countries and some countries in Africa, however the headquarters are situated in the United Arab Emirate. Etisalat also has some of its minor corporations located in some parts of Asia and it is planning to more locations in the coming years through merging with other companies. The company also provides voice and video communication over mobile phones or fixed line, and the ability to send and receive data to individuals, businesses and international telecommunication companies. Et...

The Desperate Need For Gun Control - 984 Words

The Desperate Need for Gun Control The United States of America’s four-centuries-long battle over gun control still continues today, even after several mass-shootings, countless gun-assisted suicides, and increases in gun related crimes. Guns remain the only consumer product not regulated at the federal level for health and safety. The United States has remained the most lax of the developed nations in terms of gun control. With no regulations or laws, guns have easily landed in the hands of the mentally ill, criminals, and children. There is no need for people to have personal firearms. Guns do not ensure people are safer. The police and military forces are specially trained to protect civilians. Gun control laws of the United States are far to weak, and should be strengthened to protect against murders, mass-shootings, and gun related crimes. The statistics released in studies in the United States of America are reason enough to change the regulation of guns. According to the National Crime Victimization Surv ey in 2011, over four hundred thousand people were victims of gun-related crimes. On average, four Americans are murdered with guns every hour1 (Gun Stats and Facts). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.) did a study the same year, and they found sixty-eight percent of murders, forty-one percent of robberies, and twenty-one percent of assaults involved guns. Suicide rates have sky rocketed with the increase in access to guns. In 2011 firearm assisted suicidesShow MoreRelated Liberals LOVE Gun Control Essay1120 Words   |  5 PagesLiberals Love Gun Control      Ã‚  Ã‚   Gun Control can be called the acid test of liberalism. All true liberals must favor stricter gun controls. After all, doesnt the United States have the most heavily armed population on the earth? Are we not the worlds most violent people? Surely these facts must be at least casually connected. Therefore the apparently desperate need to do something about the vast quantity of firearms and firearms abuse is obvious.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guns are employedRead MoreOn Being a Real Westerner1006 Words   |  5 Pagesold is desperate to get hold of his stepfather Roy’s gun. Wolff’s mother doesn’t approve of him getting the gun, but Roy talks her into giving it to Wolff. Even though Wolff is told not to use the gun alone, he goes against his mother’s warning and aims at a squirrel. Being an animal lover, he feels guilty. 2. What effect did the gun have on Roy? Is there a hidden meaning to acquiring this object? Roy carried the gun with confidence. He had his own style. He had been carrying a gun since heRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper and The Man Who Was Almost a Man1568 Words   |  7 PagesWright create two distinct characters, Jane and Dave, who are eventually destroyed by their obsessions. They both reveal the consequences of impulsive and desperate actions of their main characters attempt to free themselves from their proverbial prisons. Through the use of imagery and symbolism, Gilman and Wright present the compelling need in us all to be powerful and unrestrained. To escape from their individual constraints, Jane, the narrator in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† and Dave, â€Å"The ManRead MoreGun Control : Argumentative Essay Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages100 3 November, 2014 Gun Control: Argumentative Essay The gun control debate is a good example that justifies the common known mantra that history will always repeat itself. Gun control is a regulation put forward with an aim of managing the purchase and ownership of firearms with the main aim being to reduce the criminal and unsafe use of firearms. The gun control measures involve strategies such as registration of firearms aimed at restricting the ownership of guns by people proved to beRead MoreThe Bombing Of Orlando Nightclub1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdebating whether stricter gun control laws could have prevented this attack on American soil. Could this mass shooting have been prevented with tougher us gun control? Is it easier to obtain a weapon in the United States compared to anywhere else in the world? By creating tougher gun laws with that allow us to keep guns away from bad people? These are all questions Congress facing on a daily basis when it comes to the issue whether or not we should control Americans guns. December 15th, 1791 theRead MoreThe Modern Debate Concerning Gun Control1490 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerning gun control became a popular subject after a number of high profile assassinations that occurred in the 60s. Even more gun violence in the 1980’s and 90’s also brought up more debate, proving the desperate need for stricter gun laws in the United States. In 1999, there was a massacre at Columbine High School. This catastrophic school shooting made congress reconsider passing stronger gun control laws by making them realize how easy it was to get a hold of firearms. One side of the gun controlRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthe right to own guns. These are also the words that allow shooting after shooting to take place in our country. The United States is in desperate need of stricter, more uniform gun control laws so that the country may become a safer place. One of the main issues with gun laws in the United States is the lack of uniformity in the restrictions held by the states. â€Å"We looked at five types of gun control enacted at the state level: assault weapons bans, high-capacity magazine bans, gun possession prohibitionsRead MoreThere is No Need for Gun Safety Locks Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesgirl, whose father had trained her in the use of firearms, could not access her father’s gun when she needed to because it was locked in accordance with California’s state law (Pratt). This preventable tragedy is one of many reported scenarios that scream that there is no need for gun safety locks. The critics respond with the need for gun safety locks, citing examples of children finding unlocked and loaded guns in their homes. These children might subsequently harm themselves or cause harm to othersRead MoreGun Control: Are Guns Really The Problem?1697 Words   |  7 PagesGun control is a very controversial topic, but banning every gun will not stop all the shootings that occur. Gun control can go in either direction of the debate. There is something that needs to be done to try to reduce as many shootings as possible, whether it is background checks for every gun purchase or required classes after buying a firearm. Banning every weapon, though that is classified as an â€Å"assault† rifle or has a magazine that carries more than ten rounds is not fair to gun lovers whoRead MoreCivil Liberties And The American Dream1739 Words   |  7 Pagesencouraged gun control due to many mass shootings in the recent years. Many people believe that gun control should be strictly enforced throughout the country. In my opinion, putting restrictions on gun control would be a huge mistake in the world that we live in. In 1976 Washington, D.C. struck a gun law that prohibited citizens from owning a firearm. According to Jeffrey Shapiro, the outcome was horrendous. Annual homicides escalated from 188 to 364 in a short twelve years. According to gun expert

Why We Should Have Year-Round Schooling - 771 Words

Have you ever wondered why teachers take a whole month to review everything from the previous year or why students tend to forget everything? Every year, students are keeping their calendars at hand and counting down the days until summer vacation. It’s the last day of school and when the final bell rings, kids are ready to do nothing for three months. However, is this really a good thing? The possibility of having year-round schools is at hot debate topic right now and it is time for change from traditional calendar schools. Schools should incorporate a system where schooling is year-round instead of having a long summer break because this allows for more learning and would prevent the problem of students forgetting everything they’ve†¦show more content†¦However, some people argue that having a system of a year-round school year is not very beneficial. Although there are many studies that support year-round schooling, there are also many studies that don†™t. Many recent studies have found no significant connection between year-round schooling and improved student achievement. For example, a review of 39 studies found that modified school calendars have very small, insignificant, effect on achievement (Cooper, et al., 2003). Another argument that is made for having a traditional calendar is that despite year-round schooling generating strong feelings, it can also generate negative feelings in that it is disrupt to family life. Having a traditional calendar allows families to spend valuable time together and go on a well needed vacation. The traditional calendar allows students to relax and refresh themselves and get ready for next year. As a student, this issue affects me immensely as I experience the results firsthand. From personal experience, I can say that year-round schooling is much better because after every summer, my peers and I tend to forget most of what we’ve learned, causing teachers to spend valuable teaching time to review with us. I also believe that during the many days that we have summer vacation; we could learn a lot more. Although many people view summer vacation as a time to spend valuable time with family, fromShow MoreRelatedEssay On Year Round School722 Words   |  3 Pages Year round schooling should be a thing. The time we leave school and go back to school is crazy now we get about a month off and when we leave we forget everything we have learned the past year. Its preposterous and repetitive, why forget everything we learned and struggle to relearn it when we could just stay in school. Most kids are against it because they dont want to lose their summer vacation but when it com es down to it, youd get more time off and more breaks if you had year round schoolingRead More Year Round Schooling Speech Essay examples642 Words   |  3 PagesYear Round Schooling Speech Have you ever thought about what life would be like having to go to school year round? Well kids today feel that with all the pressure and work they have during the school year, they need the 3 month break time period in order to regroup themselves and have a change of scenery. Year round schooling in the past few years has become a trend that is sweeping the nation, and I am going to tell you why year round schooling IS NOT a way to send the children of AmericaRead MoreWhy Year Round School Is More Harm Than Good978 Words   |  4 Pagessummer break. They are so excited for the first day of class that they have to get all new school supplies. They wake up extra early and are ready to learn on that first day. If school was all year round, I believe students would never look forward to school and would affect their learning. Therefore, in my opinion, I do not believe school should be year round. Why Year Round School Is More Harm Than Good Year round schooling is a topic that is emerging widely throughout the United States in thisRead MoreGraduation Speech : Year Round Schooling1478 Words   |  6 PagesYear-Round Schooling Why were schools traditionally set up to give students the summer off? When schools started, most of the students came from a farming family and they needed to be out of school to help on the farm. Many people know that there are not as many students coming from farming families today, so why do most schools still operate on this schedule? While some parents believe that year-round schooling decreases family time and causes student burn out, in reality, frequent breaks providedRead MoreThe Traditional School Calendar and The Introduction of a Year-Round Education1309 Words   |  6 Pagesremember, schooling has been based on a ten-month calendar. Although it was established for an agricultural society it is still extremely common in today’s urban society. The introduction of year-round education, though it clearly makes more sense for todays students, is still a relatively new concept and therefore is subject to a lot of speculation. With benefits such as, remediation, better chances for high-risk and ESL students, economic benefits, and more structure/stability it is a mystery why someRead MoreThe Length Of School Calendar1559 Words   |  7 Pageshow developed we are considered to be. Several solutions have been proposed: get rid of standardized tests all together, fire all teachers who students test low, or implement a different school calendar. Clearly action needs to be taken to solve this issue. Unless the government can pick one way to go about fixing this; nothing will change. After doing some intense research, year-round school would be the simplest and most beneficial solution to the problem. Year round education should be mandatoryRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Year Round Schooling1067 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Kluttz English 3 28 July 2017 The Advantages of the Year-Round Schooling Calendar The discussion of the year-round schooling calendar versus the traditional schooling calendar has been ongoing for some time. There have been many discussions and debates about the advantages and disadvantages of both. The amount of school districts across the United States that have switched to year-round calendars has increased drastically. The year-round calendar provides students with more frequent breaks ofRead MoreYear Round Schooling Is Better Than Traditional Schooling1599 Words   |  7 Pages Year Round Schools Versus Traditional Schools By: Shaun Herman Shaun Herman 4/11/2016 Task 2 Year round schooling is better than traditional schooling because, the summer retention is much higher, special education and english language learners benefit much more, end of the year test scores are higher and the year round school calendar fits our culture more now than it used to with the traditional school year. As an education major with a focus in special educationRead MoreYear Round School Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesYear-round Schools The possibility of year round schools has been a hot debate topic for quite some time. The question is, is the idea of year round schools acceptable considering all the potential drawbacks? Year round schooling can be disruptive to both the family of the students and the teachers themselves, it can be too costly for a large group of people, and year round schools do not provide the same opportunity for learning as the traditional school year does. For several reasons, theRead MoreEssay about Year Round School1235 Words   |  5 Pages Year-round Schools nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The possibility of year round schools has been a hot debate topic for quite some time. The question is, is the idea of year round schools acceptable considering all the potential drawbacks? Year round schooling can be disruptive to both the family of the students and the teachers themselves, it can be too costly for a large group of people, and year round schools do not provide the same opportunity for learning as the traditional school year does

Ecological Footprints Sustaining Our Earth free essay sample

Explains the effects ecological footprints have on sustaining our country and the planet Earth. This paper discusses how ecological footprints, effective ecological tools used to help maintain our world, impose many questions in sustaining the earths life. Charts are included with the paper. Defining Our Ecological Footprint Dependency on Nature Carrying Capacity of Cities and Earth Comparison between Countries Natural Capita: Effects on the Earth Impact of the World Economies Solutions The world economy has a great impact on the ecological footprints of the world. Every country wants to obtain economic growth to produce more money. But in doing this, they have to deplete their natural capital, which in turn, is not helping in sustaining this world. As William Rees states, there is simply not enough on the planet to sustain present international development trends using prevailing technologies (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). So something drastic has to be done. As the ecological footprints of humans are already too large for the earth to handle, how can we accommodate the rising materials and rising in population, while trying to sustain the earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecological Footprints: Sustaining Our Earth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most analysts agree that it can happen in two ways: through a reduction in the standard of living or through the increase in material and energy efficiency (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). These two issues also apply problems, through cultural, economic, and social values. Especially in the more developed countries. To lower the standard of living would be outright rejected in the more developed countries such as Canada and the U. S. So indeed, most people agree that global sustainability is achievable only through large increases in the consumption of goods and services in both poorer and richer countries (Westra and Werhane ed. 1998, 115). But still a problem arises. There will still be inequity in the growth of the more and less developed countries. It seems the richer get richer and the poorer get poorer. A consensus seems to be emerging though. They say that the needed consumption will work if there is a reduction in the material energy costs of goods and services.

Shakespeares Comedy Vs. Tragedy Essays (974 words) -

Shakespeare's Comedy Vs. Tragedy Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeare's plays, A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Romeo and Juliet. These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of 'lovers', Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changes. A tragic play is a play in which one or more characters have a moral flaw that lead to his/her downfall. A comedic play has at least one humorous character, and a successful or happy ending. Comparing these two plays is useful to find how Shakespeare uses similar character types in a variety of plays, and the versatility of the themes which he uses. In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet is young, not yet fourteen, and she is beautiful, and Romeo's reaction after he sees her is: O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night As a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear Beauty to rich for use, for the earth too dear! Juliet is also prudent, Although I joy in thee, I have no joy in this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden. She feels that because they have just met, they should abstain from sexual intercourse. Hermia is also young, and prudent. When Lysander suggests that One turf shall serve as a pillow for both of us, One heart, one bed, two bosoms, and one troth, Hermia replies Nay, good Lysander. For my sake, my dear, Lie further off yet; do not lie so near. Although this couple has known each other for a while (Romeo and Juliet knew each other for one night when the above quote was spoken), Hermia also abstains from even sleeping near Lysander even though she believes he does not have impure intentions. Romeo's and Juliet's families are feuding. Because of these feuds, their own parents will not allow the lovers to see each other. In the a differnet way Hermia is not allowed to marry Lysander. Hermia's father Egeus says to Theseus, Duke of Athens: Full of vexation come I, with complaint Against my child, my daughter Hermia. Stand fourth, Demetrius. My noble lord, This man hath my consent to marry her. Stand forth, Lysander. And, my gracious Duke, This man hath bewitched the bosom of my child. Egeus tells the Duke that his daughter can marry Demetrius, not Lysander. Hermia replies . . . If I refuse to wed Demetrius, Egeus replies Either to die the death, or to abjure for ever the society of men. If Hermia does go against her father's wishes, and weds Lysander, she will either be put to death, or be forced to become a nun. Both pairs of lovers also seek help from another. Juliet and Romeo seek Friar Lawrence, and Lysander and Hermia seek Lysander's aunt, who lives in the woods near Athens. Both sets of youths have the same character type. They are young, their love is prohibited, both women are prudent, and both seek the help of an adult. Yet they have their subtle differences. For example, Lysander, never mentioned a love before Hermia. Romeo loved Rosaline, before he loved Juliet. Hermia's family and Lysander's family were not feuding, whereas the Montagues' and Capulets' feude was central to the plot of the play. The stories of Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream are very different however. A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy. Oberon, king of the fairies, sends a mischievous imp named, Puck, to play a trick on the queen of the fairies, Titania, and on a pair of Athenian youth. Puck turns Nick Bottom's head into that of an ass (Nick Bottom is the man in the play production within A Midsummer Night's Dream; he tried to play every part), and places an herb on Titania that causes her to fall in love with him. This is quite humorous. However, at the end of the play all the couples are back together, with the ones they love. Thus Lysander and Hermia do get married. If Egeus had showed up at the wedding, he could have killed her.

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate

The Powerful Praetor Roman Magistrate A praetor was one of the greater Roman magistrates with imperium or legal power. They led armies, presided in law courts, and administered the law. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). Since he was in charge of the city, he was only allowed to leave the city for a period of up to 10 days. For matters outside Rome, the praetor peregrinus settled cases among foreigners. Over the years, they added additional praetors to handle matters in the provinces, but originally, there were two praetors. Two more were added in 227 B.C. when Rome annexed Sicily and Sardinia; then, two more were added for Hispania (Spain) in 197 B.C. Later, Sulla and Julius Caesar added even more praetors. Responsibilities A costly responsibility for the praetor was the production of the public games. Running for praetor was part of the cursus honorum. The rank of praetor was second only to the position of consul. Like the consuls, praetors were entitled to sit on the honored sella curulis, the folding curule chair, traditionally made of ivory. Like the other magistracies, a praetor was a member of the senate. Just as there were proconsuls for the period after their year as consuls, so there were also propraetors. Propraetors and proconsuls served as governors of provinces after their terms in office. Roman Magistrates With Imperium Examples: Let the praetor be judge of the law in private actions, with power of passing sentence-he is the proper guardian of civil jurisprudence. Let him have as many colleagues, of equal power, as the senate think necessary, and the commons allow him.Let two magistrates be invested with sovereign authority, and be entitled praetors, judges, or consuls, in respect of presiding, judging, or counselling, according to the nature of the case. Let them have absolute authority over the army, for the safety of the people is the supreme law. This magistracy should not be determined in less than ten years-regulating the duration by the annual law.Cicero De Leg.III Before Sulla added functions, the praetor presided in cases of quaestiones perpetuae, the cases of: repetundaeambitus, majestaspeculatus Sulla added falsum, de sicariis et veneficis, and de parricidis. About half of the candidates for praetor during the last generation of the Republic came from consular families, according to Erich S. Gruen, in The Last Generation of the Roman Republic. The praetor Urbanus P. Licinius Varus fixed the date of the Ludi Apollinaris.

Should Stonecipher have been forced to resign Essay

Should Stonecipher have been forced to resign - Essay Example Stonecipher himself told employees that any senior executive found violating the rules would be punished. Seemingly, the system works. Only his removal from the post would satisfy the principles he himself had created, as Stonecipher admitted in an interview, 'We set - hell, I set - a higher standard here. I violated my own standards. I used poor judgment.' (---------, 2005) It's a bizarre story under the circumstances. Was Boeing's CEO really ready to live up to the standards he was setting for his organization According to reports, the exact details of where his behavior violated the code of conduct are not publicly known. But as the architect of the initiative, he was as susceptible as anyone to its repercussions. Meanwhile, the PR industry has been under attack for allegedly unethical or ambiguous practices, particularly relating to a significant client base of its own - the US government, as well as local governments. If Boeing was trying to send a clear signal about ethics when it ousted CEO Harry Stonecipher, it failed. Though Boeing insists he wasn't axed for adultery, a lot of think the company was out to pin the scarlet letter on Harry before shipping him off to face his wife of 50 years. "It is all very clear and very simple," wrote Tom Simmerman, a Boeing worker in Fullerton, Calif. "How can a CEO ask his employees to show loyalty to the cause when he is unable to demonstrate loyalty to his own wife and family" (Litterick, 2005) Dozens of readers agreed -- with some detouring to question about his marriage and accuse him of "moral relativism." But is it so outrageous to suggest that the rules of Harry Stonecipher's marriage are between Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher, and no concern of The Boeing Co Stonecipher had come out of retirement at the end of 2003 to replace Phil Condit when he resigned as chairman and chief executive. That was the first time Boeing's leader had not come from within the Boeing heritage part of the company. (Wallace, Pd. 1) On top of all this, the investigation determined the relationship was consensual and had no effect on the company's business. The investigation also determined that neither the career nor the compensation of the female executive was influenced by the relationship. I don't believe Stonecipher should have been forced to resign. A voluntarily handed over resignation is still understandable, but the breach of policy applies to all and applies equally. If lower staff can be given a second chance then the CEO can certainly be given another chance as well. Works Cited Wallace, James. BOEING: LOOKING FOR A REAL OUTSIDER (Business).Seattle Post-Intelligencer (Seattle, WA)(May 25, 2005):pD1. Litterick, David. Watch for the puff of white smoke from the Boeing boardroom.(City).Daily Telegraph (London, England)(April 16, 2005):pNA.FromCustom Newspapers ----------------. Boeing's big year.The Seattle Times (Seattle, Washington) (via Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News)(Dec 30,

Conservation biologist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conservation biologist - Assignment Example I.  The demand for metals, as well as other natural resources has outstripped supply (Blogger 1). Such a situation has occurred because of the increase of the surge for these essential resources. II.  Discovery of new deposits results in exploitation as a means of offering solutions to the need for the natural resources. However, implementation of such actions does not contribute in the attainment of success in the international trade since they lead in the development of complexities and political constraints. III.  Ore deposits should not be degraded because of the impact of their exploitation and societal conditions.IV.  The sea floor is one of the essential human resources on the earth’s surface, which demands an effective stewardship. V.  As the terrestrial environmental, the sea floor has plateaus, mountain ranges, vast plains, canyons and volcanic peaks. It has similar minerals to the ones on land in enriched forms.VI.  Deep mining is a strategy that should be avoided at all times to preserve these natural resources and eliminate their exploitation. VII.  Critics argue that mining is essential to provide the minerals, metals and other resources that man needs. Such should occur through the use of intensive technological means of mining and processing. VIII.  However, these individuals are wrong since they fail to comprehend the need to preserve these natural sources of minerals for further exploitation in the future. IX.  Conservation of biology is a good act towards ensuring.

Which Character in the book Watchmen best captures 21st century Essay

Which Character in the book Watchmen best captures 21st century American politics Why - Essay Example America today is in a very unique kind of position because it found itself to be the sole remaining superpower of the world, and due to this unprecedented position, America exerts a big influence in world affairs. Paradoxically, America is also somehow limited on how much it can do because it is operating under some constraints by global forces outside its immediate control. An example is the spread of liberal ideology helped spread globalisation of trade and finance, which had in turn disseminated the American ideals of real representative democracy and the benefits of free market capitalism (that â€Å"a rising tide lifts all boats,† as famously stated by former President John F. Kennedy). However, America is now also under increasing scrutiny by other nations in the way it exercises this great power; it is a hegemonic kind of power and comes with it the great type of responsibility to exercise such power in a prudent and equitable manner. This may not be the case always or in all instances and other countries which also aspire to global greatness try to challenge American power in many ways other than a direct confrontational war. The burden is on America to exercise its great power in a fair manner to give justice to all world citizens but conversely, as the adage goes, absolute power can corrupt absolutely. This brief paper is a discussion of current American politics with a moral or philosophical underpinning in relation to a wonderful graphic novel by author Alan Moore entitled Watchmen. Discussion The Watchmen is a good example of a new literary genre called as the graphic novel. It is a new category of books recently considered as a legitimate art form in itself due to its growing popularity, with previous novels like A Contract with God (by author Eisner), Maus (by Spiegelman), followed by Watchmen (by Moore and Gibbons) and then also The Dark Knight Returns (by Miller). A graphic novel follows the conventions of a traditional novel but the sto ry is told through a series of comic-strip illustrations, hence the name graphic. It is told through dialogue and the subject matter can be either fiction or non-fiction as well. Watchmen is a graphic novel that tells a compelling story of power that is highly relevant today. Watchmen has many interesting characters in it like Dr. Manhattan, Rorschach, Nite Owl, Silk Spectre, the Comedian, and Ozymandias. However, it is Dr. Manhattan which best exemplifies the nature of American politics in the twenty-first century. The great power of Dr. Manhattan is very similar to the great powers of the United States of America as sole super power in a unipolar world. America as sole superpower has a lot of options available to it that is not available to lesser nations, and this power can be exercised either for good or bad, in a certain sense, with impunity if allowed. This makes America a terrifying country to oppose. It exercises its great powers according to its own logic and moral standard s which is shown by its preference or predilection for preventive wars (some political analysts termed it as pre-emptive wars). This was shown by the last Iraq war to topple Saddam Hussein for supposedly possessing the dreaded weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and executed him after a flawed trial for war crimes against humanity (Tucker 174).1 America is like Dr. Manhattan; it operates under its own rules and even worse, operates under a double-standard of morality when it comes to its conduct of international relations (Robichaud 14).2 Clearly, as stated earlier elsewhere, the big question centers on the political morality that America should be

Pre 1914 Poetry Comparison: Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge Of The :: English Literature

Pre 1914 Poetry Comparison: Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge Of The Light Brigade, and Wilfred Owen, Dulce Et Decorum Est 1) The Charge Of The Light Brigade Tennyson was prompted to write this poem after reading an article in the Times newspaper about the charge of the Light Brigade. Tennyson's main motive for writing this poem seems to be to celebrate the bravery of the troops. Tennyson appears to be a patriot. He concentrates on the brave way the soldiers went into near certain death and only makes one mention of the complete cock-up made by the generals. Rather than concentrate on the mistakes made he sticks with celebrating what the soldiers did 'When can their glory fade?' he asks. The use of the rhetorical is almost challenging you to disagree with his opinion of the soldiers' bravery. Tennyson uses a lot of things like onomatopoeia, repetition and alliteration. He uses repetition to try and show, in words, the confusion of the battle. An example of this is 'Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them'. He uses all of these things to try and create imagery of the battle, to help try and imagine what the battle was like. However what he doesn't do is he doesn't personalise he always generalises. He gives you a picture of the battle without actually giving accounts of the actions of the men. The pace of the poem is the same all the way through except for one point at the end of the fourth verse. For most of the poem the pace is quite fast, with a rhythm comparable to the clatter of horses hooves (on purpose or by accident?). But near the end of the fourth verse, after speaking of the battle and the slaughter of many men, the pace slows for about one line. 'Then they rode back, but not, Not the six hundred.' The pause between 'back' and 'but' is cleverly used to emphasise the loss of life. An image that recurs a lot in the poem is personification of the valley into which the Light Brigade rode into some kind of monster, a devourer of human life. The phrases 'the jaws of Death' and 'mouth of Hell' are used more than once, an important piece of imagery. Alfred Lord Tennyson did not have first hand experience of the battle and it shows in the poem. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is very generalised, with the word 'them' constantly being used. No actions or fate of any specific soldier is mentioned; it's always soldiers rather than soldier. My personal reaction to his poem is that it would have been better for

Genetically Modified Organisms Essay

Abstract Genetically modified crops and food involve the deliberate altering of the genetic material of plants and animals. Biotechnology when used for agriculture and food production will cause concerns over the environmental, economic and ethical issues that this technology affects. Genetically modified crops that are resistant to pesticides can help contribute to increased yields and agricultural growth. Most foods we consume today have been genetically modified or they have ingredients that are derived from gene modification technology. Some specific fears expressed about genetically modified organisms are the fear of the unknown and also cultural, ethical and environmental. The benefits from GMO crops include longer shelf-life, improved nutritional quality, increased crop yield. The benefits of GM crops and food seem to outweigh the risk. The agencies that  regulate this technology and the businesses that are involved in this technology should help enhance public awareness for worldwid e acceptance of genetically modified crops and food. The Food and Drug Administration known as the FDA has been focusing their time and money on food biotechnology. The use of biotechnology when used for agriculture and food production increases the environmental, economic and ethical concerns. The use of genetically engineered organisms poses apprehensive questions on the risk to human health. Progress in technology and especially genetic engineering of food is not what it once was. The way food was once grown and made has long passed. What are the possible risks and effects of this technology and is there enough information to determine the consequences GMOs will have on human health. This technology dates back to the early 1900s and in 1935 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was first discovered by Andrei Nikolaevitch Belozersky a Russian scientist. Recombinant DNA a form of artificial DNA was created in 1973 and in 1994 insulin produced by genetically engineered E. coli bacteria is sold on the market. Genetically modified organisms hit the grocery stores in 1994 and the United States Food and Drug Administration approved the first genetically engineered crop product called the FLAVR SAVR tomato. This tomato has a longer shelf life than conventional tomato, but in 1997 the Flavr Savr was pulled off the grocery shelves due to economic difficulties. The marketplace began embracing GMO technology and by 1999 over 100 million acres worldwide are planted with genetically engineered seeds. GMOs are referred to as crop plants that are created for human and/or animal consumption which have been genetically modified in laboratories. In 1997 scientist have figured out how to stack genes (combining more than one trait from the same plant) and it is estimated that 89 percent of all soybeans and 61 percent of all corn grown in the United States has been genetically engineered(International Food Information Council, 2007). The FDA approved genetically engineered corn, soy, cotton, canola, potato, squash and tomato for commercialization in 1995 and since then the amount of crops genetically engineered has been steadily increasing. The genes are often altered to render the plant resistant to either insects or herbicides. You are likely eating genetically engineered potato chips or potato chips that  have been fried in canola, corn or soy oil. In the United States and most of the world people are consuming large amounts of genetically modified foods and don’t even realize. In 1994 the FDA approved genetically modified organisms for food crops and approval for GMO crops by the FDA has increased since. The number of crops since 2012 approved by the FDA has been 144 crops. Crops that have herbicide-tolerant traits are widely and rapidly adopted in the United States and out of the 144 crops approved by the FDA roughly around 75 percent are genetically engineered to withstand direct applications of he rbicides and/or contain an insecticide BT toxin. Countries with poor resources can benefit from biotechnology which will help provide more stable crops. Genetically modified crops can increase the nutritional quality of agricultural products and also help reduce season planting problems and cut cost. Crops can be produced to be resistant to herbicide which means they can be sprayed with herbicide to kill weeds and the crops will not be affected. This will help reduce the amount of herbicide used and a reduction in cost for the farmers and consumers. Cost for genetically modified foods may be expensive in the initial stages of research but, in the end this option will cost less overall for farmers due to the reduction in pesticide and herbicide which will help produce higher yields of quality product. Legal and ethical concerns that GMOs present are an ongoing debate. People wonder if it is ethical to file intellectual property on the genetic sequence of an organism. Biotech companies argue that IP-based revenue is used to promote further research and some worry that ownership of a particular sequence prevents widespread research and hinders scientific discovery. The U.S Supreme court ruled that patents cannot be filed on naturally occurring human gene sequences, but this ruling left room for loopholes and does not apply to GMO products. Legal debates are far from over. The political implications on genetic engineering in the world of science and around the world are a controversial topic. It is evident that with population on the rise there will not be enough production of food to sustain the needs of the growing population. This could be a possible solution to help sustain the world food supply. Research and testing is helping raise livestock and grow crops more efficiently. There are many concerns behind the genetic practices and over the safety of genetically modified foods on humans. The natural balance of the environment  also needs to be raised to include the impact that genetically modifying food will have on the environment. The question is can genetically modified foods be a good solution to help feed the growing population and what are the pros and cons associated with the social, ethical and scientific implications? How difficult would it be to segregate genetically modified organisms from other organisms and what effects could this introduction of new genes into the natural context of the environment have? Tests conducted on genetically modified crops only look at short-term effects not what effects it could have in the long range. Genetic structure on any living thing is very intricate and complex. The consequences that technology of genetically modified organism could have on the environment is not known and a system as complex as genetic codes is not something to take lightly and should not be taken for granted without knowing all the facts. Despite the legal, ethical and environmental controversies surrounding GMO products there is potential on many different research horizons. Genetic engineering could prove to be a useful tool to help address the increasing rate of population and the problem of global hunger must be addressed. It is important to weigh the benefits and consequences and not dismiss this technology before we have all the facts. There needs to be more research to help evaluate the safety of genetic engineering and to realize its full potential for scientific discovery. We will discuss throughout the rest of this paper the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying foods and crops. There needs to be further studies conducted to fully understand the effects this could have on human health and also on the environment. The concerns raised by environmental groups, religious organizations, political interest groups and government officials, scientist and different associations about genetically modified foods are criticized for businesses pursuing profits without worrying about the potential hazards and also for the government’s failure to exercise any regulatory oversight. Everyone has an opinion on GMOs and until we have further information we have to assume that it could be a good solution to our growing population and food supply, but we need to take the necessary precautions before we find ourselves worse off. There are many political issues with genetically modified organisms, but the  one that most people pay attentions to is â€Å"should labeling be required when dealing with genetically modified organisms?† Currently the United States does not require labeling for genetically modified organisms. Let me take some to time to explain what the term labeling means. When genetically modified foods have a label on it, it states that it was made from genetically modified crops. The United States and Canada are the only countries that do not require labeling on genetically modified foods. There are 50 countries in the world that either ban genetically modified organisms completely or have a lot of restrictions on it. The labeling of genetically modified foods has been known to cause concerns. There are several positive and negative arguments of labeling genetically modified organisms. One positive argument of labeling genetically modified organisms is that consumers have the right to know what is in their food. Another positive argument about labeling genetically modified organisms is that it will allow consumers to stay away from the food that causes them problems. A negative argument of labeling genetically modified organisms is that it may imply a warning about health issues. Another negative argument of labeling genetically modified organisms is it will impose a cost on all consumers. As of right now it does not look like the United States requirements for labeling genetically modified organism will change anytime soon. There are not any requirements for the way food is labeled, but there are federal bills in play that could change the way genetically modified foods are labeled in the future. There are a few states that approved the legislation for requiring labels on genetically modified organisms. The first state that approved the legislation was Connecticut and that happened in 2003. Recently Maine was the second state to approve the legislation. These legislations that were approved will not go into effect until more of the northeastern states endorse a similar legislation. New Hampshire House rejected a GMO labeling bill. Just this year alone 67 genetically modified organisms labeling bills have been presented in 25 states. Last year in 2013 there were 110 genetically modified organisms bills presented in 32 states. Currently there are four states with pending legislations on GMO labeling; these states include California, Missouri, Minnesota and Rhode Island. Along with the states that have the pending legislations, there are a few more states that are trying to put the GMO labeling question on the ballot. The states that are trying to put the question on the ballot are Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, and Oregon. Last year Washington voters rejected the genetically modified organism ballot; and that ballot turned out to be the most expensive ballot question ever. In the United States three different government agencies have jurisdiction over the genetically modified organism foods. The agencies include Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration. The EPA evaluates genetically modified plants for environmental safety. The EPA also conducts risk assessment studies on pesticides that could cause harm to human health and the environment. The USDA evaluates whether the plant is safe to grow or not. The USDA is responsible for all the genetically modified organism crops that do not fall under the umbrella of the EPA; an example of the crops that the USDA handles are drought tolerant, and disease tolerant crops. The USDA has several internal divisions which all share the responsibility for assessing genetically modified organism foods. The divisions that are included in the USDA are the Animal Health and Plant Inspection Service, the Agricultural Research Service, and the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. The FDA evaluates whether the plant is safe to eat or not. The FDA believes that genetically modified organism foods are substantially equivalent to unmodified, natural foods, and is not subject to FDA regulations. A lot of companies that are working on new genetically modified foods are not required to consult with the FDA, nor do they have to follow the FDA’s recommendations. The current FDA policy was created in 1992 and it states that companies may voluntarily ask the FDA for a consultation. The FDA agency does not have the time, money or resources to carry out the safety studies of all the genetically modified food products. Everyone might not support genetically modified organisms, but they are very cost effective. The genetic engineering crops can be grown and survive  longer than organic crops. When using genetically engineered crops such as insect resistant crops saves money because they require less pesticides to be used. These genetically modified crops will help all farmers save money as well as help them gain profits. There are many economic advantages for genetically modified foods. Some of the advantages are pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals. There are many fungi and bacteria that can cause plant diseases. Some biologists are working on genetically engineered crops that will prevent the fungi and bacteria that cause the diseases. Herbicide is a spray that farmers use to destroy weeds instead of removing the weed physically themselves. Spraying herbicides is a time consuming and expensive process. The herbicides could potentially harm the crops and the environment. Pesticide resistance is said to be one of the most damaging impacts that genetically engineered crops have caused in the economy. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. People do not want to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of the potential health hazards. There are millions of acres of farmlands in the United States that are infested by weeds that have become resistant to herbicide. The â€Å"Roundup Ready† trait has promoted the accelerated development of resistance in several weed species. The â€Å"Roundup Ready† trait was engineered to tolerate the herbicide. In order for farmers to fight these weeds they have to use more toxic herbicides. There are some companies that are working to develop new genetically engineered crops to tolerate the older herbicides, but there is no guarantee that the same thing as before will not happen again. Along with economic advantages, there are also disadvantages. Some people believe that the farmers are the biggest losers when it comes to genetically modified agriculture. It is believed that farmers are tricked with deceptive advertising. Although genetically modified crops can produce a little more corn than organic crops; genetically modified crops reduces other output from the plant for example seeds, leaves, roots etc. Organic crops serve as food for earthworms, fungi, and other beneficial insects that will turn it  into fertilizer for the next crop. The genetically modified organism can decimate the communities of organisms that create soil, so that the farmer is stuck wondering why their soil fertility drops every year. In countries like India, the people are afraid that if they switch over to genetically modified organisms many people will lose their jobs. India is a country with over 1.1 billion people and it continues to grow. There are over 600 million farmers in India, and if they were to start using genetically modified organisms then over 580 million farmers will be looking for work. There are no other job industry in India that is creating this many jobs. It would not be logical for India farmers to switch to genetically modified crops. They would go from about 580 million farmers to only 20 million farmers; that just an impact that it will have on India’s economy. Genetically Modified Organisms has been a growing hot button issue over the past decade. As time has come and gone, many farmers have started growing cheaper genetically modified crops, which have created a surplus of genetically modified food. This has created a lot of tension between consumers and suppliers and now many of these consumers are demanding that the genetically modified foods be properly labeled. This has caused a sort of media frenzy along with many negative psychological and sociological effects because these consumers don’t know what they are putting in their body. It has become increasingly evident that genetically modified foods (genetically altered in an unnatural way) make people exceptionally uneasy, because they are unhealthy and to be completely honest, they don’t know what exactly is in it. Many consumers are starting to publicly ponder what sort of long term health risks might be associated with genetically modified foods, even though in 1992 the FDA announced that these GMO’s are generally safe, it is safe to assume that time has also been a factor in people’s restlessness. During this economic turmoil that the United States is suffering (an estimated 17 trillion dollars), many farmers have been looking for any and all possible ways of cutting their agricultural costs so their  profit margins can become higher. Genetically modified crops have been the answer, especially with all the companies that have a current high demand for them, these farmers have definitely exploited that demand. You can’t really blame them as it’s really these corporations trying to cut cost when there mass producing these food products (especially frozen foods). They are numerous citizen outreach groups, like the Coalition for Safe Affordable Foods aim to lower costs but keep the same healthy quality food and as time continues these groups will only become stronger and stronger simply because of how many people are starting to realize how unhealthy their daily food from grocery stores actually is. The labeling uproar is only the first step in what promises to be a lengthy process to make America’s food increasingly healthy. These Genetically modified crops are planted in fields similar to regular crops and they interact directly with different organisms that would normally feed on the crops and would interact incidentally with other creatures in the food chain. Again like normal crops, the pollen from the engineered crop is released into the environment, which has led to serious concerns about the possible effects that genetically engineered crops on other species and about the gene flow, the transfer of alleles (a number of alternative forms of same gene or same genetic locus) or genes from one population to another. In reality these lower agricultural costs aren’t the only useful trait that genetically engineered crops can have. Since they are genetically engineered, companies and farmers can chose exactly what they want to genetically altered. Some common useful traits for genetically engineered crops are resistance to pests/herbicides, able to increase nutritional value, and for the production of other valuable goods such as pharmaceutical drugs. These crops, while under development, are able to thrive in environmental conditions outside the species native range. Obviously there are some big negatives with genetically engineered crops, most of which have been made relatively public, but there are some positives if companies start using genetically altered plants in a more responsible manner. The willingness of consumers to pay a premium price for organic foods (food not genetically modified) has come at a time when genetically modified foods have come under scrutiny. Studies, like Lusk JL, Jamal M. Kurlander L, Roucan M, Taulman L, whom created a meta-analysis of genetically modified food valuation studies found, in a review of 25  studies, found a premium of 29 percent for non-genetically modified foods. These studies also revealed that Europeans are much more willing to pay a premium for non-GM foods than their American counterpart. This is also consistent with public policy, as there are required labeling of all genetically modified. In the United States, although there may be change in the future due to a large increase in consumer’s demand to know exactly what is going in their body, still has no labeling policies. The one exception in the United States is Whole Foods, who independently (mainly because they view themselves as the healthy grocery store compared to the Food Lions, Walmart, and Targets of the world) announced at Natural Products Expo West in March 2013, that all products in every store in the United States and Canada â€Å"must be labeled to indicate if they contain genetically modified organisms (GMO)† per Whole Foods press release. As of late, genetic modification of food has been associated with a great deal of media attention, although technically this rise of media coverage was by the spring of 1999 (add). With the rise of GMO awareness groups (especially when considering food) media attention has risen in the past decade due to consumer complaints have also led to a more close eye on what exactly is going on, and further investigation into what we, as a country, are putting into our body. Through all of the media frenzy and consumer uproar, eat healthy movements have led many of these consumers to question the validity of the GMO companies claiming their products are healthy. Many people are looking to European countries as evidence on how to run a healthy country, but in reality there is a great deal of precaution (an important theme in international relation, especially in environment and public health instances) has been a very delicate question in transatlantic relations, especially pertaining to regulation laws. This precaution usually stems from the differences in laws in how genetically modified foods can be shipped from country to country. GMO’s are good examples of how regulatory laws greatly vary from country to country (the European Union has much more strict regulatory laws compared to the United States). There has been a positive trend especially at the state/community level, where in some cases there has been extensive legislation and policy changes over the past quarter century. I think that the biggest mystery in all this genetically modified food chaos is the FDA’s lack of influence, which has in turn  created tension betw een them and various states and has ultimately caused a guessing game in the grocery aisle for many customers. The common thought between consumers is that the FDA has not played nearly enough roles when regulating genetically modified foods. Due to their negligence farms are rapidly increasing their use of genetically modified crops (which have a significantly lower cost per square foot then natural crops), which has increased their presence in food. A perfect example of a drastic rise in genetically modified ingredients is the soybean in the United States over only the last 10 years. In 1997 17 percent of the soybean acreage was genetically modified, and today that percentage is upwards of an astounding 93 percent. The FDA’s presence would be a great benefit to the â€Å"eat healthy movements†, and at some point they will be forced to make their move. It is understandable that consumers are now standing up and demanding to know if GMO’s are present in their food. It is their right, and unfortunately due to the United States nature of catering to big business (i.e. oil/gas prices) it is taken away. There have been many positive strides in this eat healthy front, and the numbers of these groups will only continue to rise, especially if the FDA doesn’t step in. Consumers have a right to know what is in their food, and until they achieve that right, they will fight for themselves and for the children of America. Genetically modified organisms have brought good news and a brighter future for many, but have also been called into question by our ethics. Genetically modified organisms or GMOs, have had a huge impact when it comes to foods and its production along with any other areas it may touch. There is a vast spectrum, from ending world hunger to being able to produce indulgent, yet unnecessary, foods like burgers in a lab (Lynas, 2014). It’s a truly fascinating thing to see such unimaginable science at work; and the endless, and quite unclear, possibilities it may bring. With an infinite amount of uncertain prospects, should there be some rules, standards, or guidelines set in place and reinforced for those who are practicing the science? Society has witnessed how technology can benefit us, but we have also come to realize the many downsides following close behind. Society needs to take the time to analyze both sides of the spectrum related to genetically modified organisms, crops, a nd food, when it comes to our environment, our  morals, and our ethics. Golden rice is one of the most talked about gifts produced by GMOs. The GMOs that created golden rice have made it possible for it to produce beta-carotene, in hopes of reducing vitamin A deficiency (Lynas, 2014). An independent humanitarian board runs the project, though there are doubts as to where the technological producers’ intentions truly lie. Society has seen the interests they have in looking for ways to end world hunger, but the revenue GMOs also produce can be a strong motivational factor. Malnutrition has been a problem for some unfortunate countries, most of which are undeveloped and poverty stricken. Countries who either cannot plant crops due to lack of fertile land, or do not have the money to buy nourishment. When something as precious as golden rice looks so appealing and promising, why is it that there are organizations such as Greenpeace rising against these â€Å"good crops†? (Lynas, 2014) Genetically modified organisms are beneficial in many ways. The GMOs used to cultivate a new class of crops, known as genetically modified crops, have a list of other valuable qualities besides its fruitful fields. Think about a farmer’s market or any other store where you may do your grocery shopping. Now imagine it being filled with many colorful and delightful looking vegetables and fruits, a real lavish produce dream. That dream is not far from becoming true if GM crops were able to truly flourish. There are crops, such as the Bt brinjal (genetically modified eggplant variation). Bt brinjal are resistant to certain complications that farmers must combat during the harvest. Having resistant genetically modified crops would remove the need to spray insecticides, thus reducing exposure of carcinogenic residues for both farmers and consumers (Lynas, 2014). Mark Lynas said in his article titled Good Crops, â€Å"These crops can reduce the use of environmentally damaging agrochemicals, and several have been developed by public-sector organizations concerned with food security, the reduction of poverty, and sustainability.† The lists of advantages GM crops have shown so far in our environment bring some people hope for a rich future. There is the opportunity to better the environment, our morals, and our ethics with these advanced crops. The ability to produce a crop that will  yield abundant bounties could reduce the need to look for more fertile land. With less land, but a bigger harvest, the environment and its inhabitants could certainly thrive. Also, GM crops that are more resistant allow our environment to be less polluted by insecticides, pesticides, and other undesirable toxins (Caplan, 2013). There is this strong chance that genetically modified crops, and their fruits, can prove the grass is greener on the other side. And though the unvisited sight seems attractive and somewhat necessary, would one dare to venture off into an unknown area? The remarkable technology of genetically modified crops and foods has much to offer. Nonetheless there are unintended consequences that are growing silent ly, and even though they are not completely formulated, they must be addressed. Unintended consequences are unforeseen outcomes society must face when it is determined to proceed with a decision, a course of action. There are many reasons why these consequential drawbacks arise, some that are inevitably unavoidable (Vernon, 1979). Researchers are only humans who make mistakes, and can overlook small details, which can lead to hapless outcomes. Like with any technology, genetically modified organisms should not be dismissed as inconsequential. There are still many unanswered questions scientists have yet to address when it comes to genetically modified crops. The main reason is that genetically modified technology is still in the early stages. There is a vast array of knowledge in the subject, yet there is still a lot of experimentation required in order to consider GMOs stable and safe. The author of the Impact of GMO on Environment and Human Health Jai Godheja shares some scary, but possible unintended consequences GM crops can lead to in the near future. The m ost controversial term being used on the topic of GM crops is genetic pollution, which basically describes what could happen when genetically modified organisms contaminate organisms unintendedly. Genetic pollution can affect the ecological system in many ways. The uncontrolled flow of genetic information being released by GM crops can cause organic or untreated organisms, to completely be wiped out (Godheja, 2013). GMOs are not organic, and if they were to poison our entire environment, nothing would be considered natural anymore. Recently, there was an interview with a farmer who was growing organic fruit, but when  tested, the end product had traces of GMOs. This discovery lead to people questioning what they are consuming. Farmers have everything to gain, but what of the people ingesting the supposed â€Å"safe† yet unidentified creations? Not to mention, the environment is ever-changing, evolving, and modifying to be able to survive in its own natural way. Therefore the, now modified as well, organisms that have always attacked the farmer’s harvest can, and more than likely will, find a way to develop resistance against pesticides and herbicides at hand (G odheja, 2013). Suddenly our delightful, and prosperous, dreams start to turn into a bitter nightmare. As the saying goes, â€Å"One man’s trash is another man’s treasure,† just as well can be said about our nightly thoughts. One person’s dreams could be another’s nightmares. The world is filled with numerous cultures that each has their own ideas, opinions, religion, and thoughts on how individuals should live their life. The ethics and morals of people, already seen as not being defined clearly by any one populace, extend even more when thought about on a global scale. The rights and wrongs could be flipped; the evils of some can be seen as blessings to others, and the good can be interpreted as wicked depending on the mentality. Now throw in a contentious subject matter like GMOs, and heads are bound to clash. Some agree GM crops are extensively worthwhile and should be fully supported, while the opposing side calls into question not only its safety but its ethical issues as well. Al-Hayani states in his article, â€Å"God has commanded us to seek knowledge and make discoveries to better our lives and our environment† (Al-Hayani, 2007). However, due to the diverse mindsets, the definition of what may be better is uncertain. Ethics is defined as the study of â€Å"doing the right thing,† so what people must figure out and come to a conclusion is whether genetically modified food is ethical. For some this question is not easily answered because there are numerous, both good and bad, things to consider. Furthermore even when those considerations are taken into account and categorized, one can still stand as undecided. An individuals’ ethics can lie all over the place, and never be clearly defined. Ethics are what make each person who they are, and can swiftly change depending on the circumstances they find themselves under. One shouldn’t be judge by their actions, but it does help outline their code of ethics and morals. Religion has a huge impact on many of our ethics. Everything created by God is considered natural and blessed by God, thus there is nothing unethical about his creations (Sandu, 2010). GMOs are not considered natural because humans have created them, and God himself even though he created the means cannot bless them. â€Å"According to its kind† is the statement Sandu repeats in his article as a biblical quotation, in order for his audience to understand God created grass and trees that would produce seeds that would in return produce more fruitful trees. The trees produced were pure breeds, or â€Å"good species.† There was the chance of crossbreeding, but this was still considered naturally hybrid because there was no human interaction involved (Sandu, 2010). A rule of thumb to remember in this context is once humans have interfered with natural processes, for example putting two species unlikely to crossbreed in an enclosed area for that intention, then immediately t he creation becomes tarnished—unnatural. Consequently it is then believed to be unethical by some. Yet others would agree the benefits GMOs have provided are ethically sound. Going back to Al-Hayani’s statement, the creation of GMOs, though unnatural, has shown some promise in bettering our lives and our environment. Genetically modified crops have provided an abundance of produce, as well as improved products like golden rice, in order to better our lives and that of others in need. With that said, GMOs would seem to be accepted as ethically sound. It is the people’s social responsibility to address and seek solutions to problems such as world hunger. Society is currently at a point where it has acknowledged problems alike and are searching, even found, answers. It is said that poverty has seen a larger decrease in the past fifty years, than the prior five centuries (Al-Hayani, 2007). There is no denying the many benefits technology, referring back to our topic of GMOs, can provide to improve our world. One couldn’t imagine such commendable technology being questioned or seen as unethical when it is providing society with indefinite aforementioned results. And even so it holds its skeptics. With all the technology available to us, there are some individuals who make the mistake of believing we control nature. It’s unwelcomed by some to think nature controls us, and unacceptable to give in to the idea we will never have complete control of our environment. Genetically engineered technologies continue to garner mixed feelings. The unstable technology has  been able to deliver assistance to society, but even the worldly provided benefits have been called into question considering its enigma. Though we may not all have the same beliefs, there is one statement that stands out and should be remembered by us all: â€Å"God didn’t make a mistake, no matter how much we’ll strive or boast, trying to transform ourselves in creators, we can’t arrange things better than the way He did† (Sandu, 2010). There is so much technology that serves many outcomes to our people, our society, our environment, and our future. All in all, it’s important to always keep, not one’s, but everybody’s best interest in mind. References: Al-Hayani, F. (2007). Biomedical ethics: Muslim perspectives on genetic modification. Zygon: Journal Of Religion & Science, 42(1), 153-162. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2006.00812.x ARS : Home. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm Battle over gmo labeling rumbling in us. (2014, march 16). Retrieved from http://www.nst.com.my/world/battle-over-gmo-labeling-rumbling-in-us-1.516003 Bizeau, C. (n.d.). Social, political, and economic impact. Retrieved from http://tbcgeneticmod.wix.com/gmos CAPLAN, A. L. (2013). Genetically Modified Food: good, bad, ugly. Chronicle of Higher Education, 60(2), B4-B5. Catacora-Vargas, G. (2012). Socio-economic considerations in gmo decision-making . Retrieved from http://www.ensser.org/fileadmin/files/1.3-Catacora-paper.pdf Colson, G., & Rousu, M. C. (2013). What do consumer surveys and experiments reveal and conceal about consumer preferences for genetically modified foods?. GM Crops & Food, 4(3), 1-8. doi:10.4161/gmcr.26322 Constable, A., Jonas, D., Cockburn, A. Davi, A., Edwards, G., Hepburn, P. & Samuels, F. (2007). History of safe use as applied to the safety assessment of novel foods and foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45(12), 2513- 2525. Debora , W. (2000, April). Genetically modified foods: Harmful or helpful?. Retrieved from http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php Devos, Y., Maeseele, P., Reheul, D., Van Speybroeck, L., & De Waele, D. (2008). Ethics in the societal debate on genetically modified organisms: A (re)quest for sense and sensibility. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 21(1), 29. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-007-9057-6 Godheja, J. (2013). Impact of GMO’S on environment and human health. Recent Research In Science & Technology, 5(5), 26-29. Helme, M. (2013). Genetically Modified Food Fight: The FDA Should Step Up to the Regulatory Plate so States Do Not Cross the Constitutional Line. Minnesota Law Review, 98(1), 356-384. Hiatt, Shon R., and Sangchan Park. â€Å"Lords of the Harvest: Third- party Influence and Regulatory Approval of Genetically Modified Organisms.† Academy of Management Journal (forthcoming). Lynas, M. (2014). Good Crops. Technology Review, 117(1), 12. Prah, P. (2014, March 03). Here’s what gmo labeling will cost you. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/13/gmo-labels_n_4956995.html Sandu, G. H. (2010). Biblical Bioethics essay concerning genetically modified organisms. Scientific Papers: Series D, Animal Science – The International Session Of Scientific Communications Of The Faculty Of Animal Science, 12-14. Schrà ¶er, W., & Schmidt, G. (2013). Supporting monitoring effects of genetically modified organisms by GIS-technologies and geodata – an overview. Biorisk: Biodiversity & Ecosystem Risk Assessment, 8111-120. doi:10.3897/biorisk.8.4038 Selected Internet Resources on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.istl.org/10-winter/internet2.html Vernon, R. (Feb., 1979). Political Theory, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 57-73, Unintended Consequences†¨ Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.†¨Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/190824 Accessed: 25/08/2010 15:52 University of California San Diego. (n.d.). Genetically modified organisms (gmo). Retrieved from http://www.bt.ucsd.edu/gmo.html Wirth, D. A. (2013). The world trade organization dispute concerning genetically modified organisms: Precaution meets international trade law. Vermont Law Review, 37(4), 1153- 1188. Wohlers, A. E. (2013). Labeling of genetically modified food. Politics & The Life Sciences, 32(1), 73-84. doi:10.2990/32_1_73

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